Cylindromorphus bohemicus is a critically endangered jewel beetle, considered endemic to the Czech Republic. It varies in colour (olive-green to brown-green with metallic shine) and measures only 2-4 mm. This species lives only in two distinct localities in the Czech Republic. The, first, Žatecko (north-eastern Bohemia) harbours substantial populations mainly along the left slopes of canyon of river Ohře and brooks Hutná and Liboc. Some of these areas are recognized as Nature Monuments. The second locality, Roztocký háj (in Prague), was discovered relatively recently (2010) and hosts smaller populations, even though, some steppe parts of Prague historically harboured this species, so we expect that this species occupies more steppe patches along Vltava river. Both localities are characterised as xerothermic steppe biotopes with sparse vegetation. Larvae of C. bohemicus develop in the Volga fescue, Festuca valesiaca. Adults are active on this grass during sunny days from June to July, occasionally in September. This species probably prefers steep south-facing slopes with sparse vegetation. It is thus threatened by abandonment of pastures and encroaching of shrubs and trees.